Osseous surgery is a procedure that involves reshaping the bone that holds your teeth in place. Osseous surgery commonly treats gum disease. Patients with gum disease experience defects in the bone around their teeth. The osseous surgery removes those defects. Prior to the surgery, the patient undergoes a periodontal treatment that consists of scaling and root planing. A local anesthetic is administered to minimize the pain. Once the roots are cleaned, the dentist reshapes the bone surrounding the teeth. Bone grafting material is used where the defects are too large to be treated with only reshaping. Once the bones are back to their original state, the gums are stitched back into place. Osseous grafting is a routine procedure with a high success rate.